The 2017-2018 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR) takes an in-depth look at social protection in rural Africa to address these three questions, which are particularly relevant as Africa embarks on the implementation of the Malabo Declaration commitments and the African Union’s Agenda 2063.

The role of agricultural productivity on non-farm economies in developing countries remains widely debated in the literature.

More and better quality private sector investment in food systems will be needed for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

According to some estimates food production needs to increase 60% by 2050 to meet the expected demand and assure food security for all. In order to meet this target and simultaneously achieve the carbon emission targets set in the Paris agreement it is necessary to restructure agricultural production in a substantial way.

Reducing food loss and waste can contribute to food security and sustainability. Measuring food loss and waste (FLW), identifying where in the food system it occurs, and developing effective policies along the value chain are essential first steps toward addressing the problem.

This report has presented an examination of the recent trends, current status, and future outlook of African agricultural trade in global and regional markets. Boosting intra-African trade and deepening regional integration offer an effective vehicle to speed up Africa’s economic transformation.

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) investments are widely seen as essential for improving health in early childhood.

Evidence continues to mount that foodborne illness imposes a staggering health burden in developing countries. However, standard approaches used by developed country governments to ensure food safety are not appropriate in settings where regulatory enforcement capacity is weak and most firms are small and informal.

Achieving the goal of climate resiliency of food systems is increasingly recognized by the global development community. Yet operationalizing such a goal remains a challenge at national-level policy systems.