This report seeks to inform critical questions with regard to policy mixes of investments in adaptation and mitigation, and how they might vary over time.

This publication demonstrates that natural resources can contribute to growth, employment, exports and fiscal revenues in low-income countries, where natural capital constitutes a quarter of total wealth. It highlights the importance of policies encouraging the sustainable management of these resources.

From a greenhouse gas point of view, there are numerous chances for implementing measures that both reduce VKT and CO2e emissions, while yielding net increases in consumer utility. These interventions will need to be massively scaled-up, particularly in the cities of the rapidly urbanizing parts

Different approaches to making the economic case for improved management of natural capital in national planning are reviewed in this report. In many low-income countries natural resources sectors (agriculture, mining, forestry, fishery, nature-based tourism) are identified as the engines of economic growth.

This paper provides a conceptual backdrop for urban economic impact assessment of climate change and its specific aim is to provide both a conceptual and a methodological framework for OECD

In this document, the OECD expands its analysis in two important domains: first, it focuses on the role of technological innovation in bringing down the costs of climate change mitigation over time. It argues that a concerted research and development effort can indeed be expected to yield important benefits, but not by itself.

This paper begins with an exposition and interpretation of the welfare optimum, defined in neoclassical economic theory as a heuristic device and a guide to policy, rather than as a description of the real world. In this view, a dynamic real-world economy is necessarily at variance with Walrasian equilibrium

Considering the costs and risks of inaction, ambitious action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is economically rational. However, success in abating world emissions will ultimately require a least-cost set of policy instruments that is applied as widely as possible across all emission sources (countries, sectors and greenhouse gases).

This study illustrates a methodology to assess economic impacts of climate change at city scale, focusing on sea level rise and storm surge. It is based on a statistical analysis of past storm surges in the studied city, matched to a geographical-information analysis of the population and asset exposure in the city, for various sea levels and storm surge characteristics.

This Agricultural Outlook offers an assessment of agricultural markets covering cereals, oilseeds, sugar, meats, milk and dairy products over the period 2008 to 2017. For the first time, it also includes an analysis of and projections for global biofuel markets for bioethanol and biodiesel, facilitating the discussion of interactions between these markets and those for the main agricultural feedstocks used in their production.