Hydro power plants located on the Himalayan rivers, typically, have had to endure high silt content in the water passing through the turbines causing enormous damages to the under-water parts of the turbine. The hydro power generating companies are engaged in mitigating this menance and optimizing generation and profits.

The paper presents an account of the Kusaha breach of the Kosi river which has been widely perceived as a flood event in the media and scientific circles. It is true that a large area was inundated after this event but it is important to appreciate that this inundation was different from a regular flooding event. It is argued that this event marked a mega-avulsion of the Kosi river.

Antarctic sediments dating from 30 million to 145 million years ago (a time during which the vast Antarctic ice sheet is thought to have formed and the Transantarctic mountains pushed up) have been a valuable source of information about the forces that changed the climatic conditions of the Antarctic continent.

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In the Himalayan terrain, the Kosi river is formed by the confluence of seven smaller streams, viz. Indravati, Sun Kosi, Tama Kosi, Likhu Kosi, Dudh Kosi, Arun Kosi and Tamar Kosi at different places in China, Tibet and Nepal, before its entry into the Indian state of Bihar. The Kosi river is responsible for many floods in Bihar.

Multiple lines of evidence have shown that the isotopic composition and concentration of calcium in seawater have changed over the past 28 million years. A high-resolution, continuous seawater calcium isotope ratio curve from marine (pelagic) barite reveals distinct features in the evolution of the seawater calcium isotopic ratio suggesting changes in seawater calcium concentrations.

The Kosi river in north Bihar plains, eastern India presents a challenge in terms of long and recurring flood hazard. Despite a long history of flood control management in the basin for more than 5 decades, the river continues to bring a lot of misery through extensive flooding. This paper revisits the flooding problem in the Kosi river basin and presents an in-depth analysis of flood hydrology.