Deoiled cakes are the residues left after the oil is extracted from the oil containing seeds. They are one of the important organic source for plant nutrients. The deoiled cakes to large extent are used as concentrated organic manures. They contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium along with a large percentage of organic matter.

Soil is a major component of any aquatic environment, which not only holds water for aquatic animals but also enriches the water body with various nutrients required for biological production.

A field experiment under runoff plots was conducted at Devala, Gudallur taluk of the Nilgiris from 2001 to 2003 to evaluate the impact of vegetative barriers and mechanical measures on erosion losses on 25 per cent sloping land under cultivation of cassava.

In India, chemical degradation of lands is taking place at an annual rate of 0.15-Mha. This is about 10 per cent of the annual global rate of about 1.5-Mha. Due to this, about 3.22 per cent of land area in the country has already become salt affected. Literature search reveals that a myriad of experiments for assessing impacts of varied land/water management strategies on the root zone soil salinization and crop yield reductions have been conducted for managing salt affected lands of India.

The hot arid regions of India in economically and environmentally disadvantaged part of the country with unique problems. These, ecosystems are highly fragile and large liabilities causing severe impediments in development programmes.

In India 18,289 hectares of land is under various type of land degradation due to coal mining in which 1100 ha is by overburden dump. With the increase demand of coal and its opencast mining degrade 1400 ha of fertile land every year. This deterioration in the fertility is due to loss of soil through water erosion, contamination through leaching of heavy metals and siltation with runoff.

A study was conducted to work out the effects of leguminous crops with mulberry in Doon Valley under irrigated conditions. The work was conducted for three consecutive years (2001-2003) in S-146 variety of mulberry plantation. Dec 2006

Studies conducted on Ardu (Ailanthus excelsa) based agrisilvi system of agroforestry during 1999-00 to 2001-02 have indicated beneficial effect of Ardu on environment and soil health. Dec 2006

Soil profiles of Kathmandu urban area exhibit significant variations in magnetic
susceptibility and saturation isothermal remanence (SIRM), which can be used to discriminate environmental pollution.
eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/38429