Millions of people, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, lack access to effective pharmaceuticals, often because they are unaffordable. The 2001 Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) adopted the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement and Public Health. The declaration recognized the implications of intellectual property rights for both new medicine development and the price of medicines.

The objective of the study was to review policies on management of latent tuberculosis infection in countries with low and high burdens of tuberculosis.

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The objective of the study was to ascertain the trends and burden of malaria in China and the costs of interventions for 2011–2015.

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The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of introducing a rapid test as the first-line diagnostic test for drug-sensitive tuberculosis in Cape Town, South Africa.

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The objective of the study was to assess compliance with infection prevention and control practices in primary health care in Kenya. The researchers used an observational, patient-tracking tool to assess compliance with infection prevention and control practices by 1680 health-care workers during outpatient interactions with 14 328 patients at 935 health-care facilities in 2015. Compliance was assessed in five domains: hand hygiene; protective glove use; injections and blood sampling; disinfection of reusable equipment; and waste segregation.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of a performance-based financing scheme on maternal and neonatal health service quality in Malawi.

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On 23 March 2017, the British Medical Association, in partnership with the Sustainable Development Unit for the health sector in England, released Ethical procurement for health: workbook 2.0, 1 a guide and workbook for protecting labour rights in medical supply chains. This is an update to a document released 6 years earlier in response to evidence of abuse of worker rights at several factories manufacturing health-care products destined for global markets.

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People living with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have a high risk of tuberculosis and should undergo regular screening. However, they can be difficult to reach because they are stigmatized and discriminated against.

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The objective of the study is to describe the frequency and factors associated with antibiotic use in early childhood, and estimate the proportion of diarrhoea and respiratory illnesses episodes treated with antibiotics.

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The objective of the study was to quantify and predict the economic burden of dementia in China for the periods 1990–2010 and 2020–2030, respectively, and discuss the potential implications for national public health policy.

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