The flows of reactive N in terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric ecosystems in India are being increasingly regulated by inputs, use efficiency and leakages of reactive N from agriculture. In the last three decades, use of reactive N in the form of chemical fertilizers has kept pace with the production of foodgrains, although the consumption is concentrated in certain areas with intensive farming.

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The study reveals that materialism is on the rise in rural Punjab as most farmers have adopted new housing patterns coupled with all the facilities previously found in urban areas only. The availability of more durable goods with majority of the farmers indicates a clear shift towards material possession.

Potassium release kinetics was investigated in soils drawn from plots of a long term fertilizer experiment that had been receiving different rates of K. Non exchangeable K release was higher in soils that were receiving organic and inorganic fertilizers than the soils not dressed with K. The amount of non exchangeable K release was faster initially and it slowed down afterwards.

Increasing quantities of atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen entering the open ocean could account for up to about a third of the ocean's external (nonrecycled) nitrogen supply and up to ~3% of the annual new marine biological production, ~0.3 petagram of carbon per year. This input could account for the production of up to ~1.6 teragrams of nitrous oxide (N2O) per year.