Nanjido, an island in Republic of South Korea, at the end of the Han River was made a landfill site in 1978. Fifteen years later, the site had to be closed due to the extensive damage caused by the pollution of soil, air, surface and underground water. In 1996, the Seoul Metropolitan Government decided to continue till 2020.
The present paper evaluates the trade-off between economic development and environmental degradation with respect to different countries. The analysis is based on cross-country data on forest degradation and the level of economic development. It also examines the factors that affect environmental degradation.
The paper addresses the critical issue of inclusion or exclusion of the urban poor in the NGO provided health care service delivery system in Bangladesh. The author develops a framework for showing how the urban poor would be targeted and reached by the NGOs with both inclusion and exclusion errors.
The paper examines the impact of Intellectual Property Rights on the Indian seed industry. The data used in the study have been taken from the reputed published sources. The study brought out that as long as Indian farmer continues to be a grain producer and does not convert himself into a 'commercial seed seller' of the protected variety, he would be unaffected by the Plant Breeder's Rights.
This paper examines key features of the global carbon market. It first highlights the infrastructure for global trading of carbon credits, and then examines the functioning of the regulated market segment covered by the Kyoto Protocol. The voluntary segment of the carbon market though small is a growing one, but it has its own problem as well.
In order to decentralise the planning process, Article 243ZD of the Constitution of India directs states to constitute District Planning Committees which are responsible for formulating draft district plans by consolidating the plans of the panchayats and municipal bodies. This provision of the Constitution however, does not cover certain parts of the country.
The threat perception of scarcity and unjust distribution of water-a finite, pre-eminent natural resource-has made its relationship with conflict. It is an area of continued interest and debate in both the policy literature and popular press at the international level. In India too, the states are in conflict with each other on a variety of issues over sharing of inter-state river waters.
The paper attempts to address the question of cooperation among the Indian States, with particular focus on the North Indian States. It briefly deals with the existing platforms for Centre-State and State-State cooperation and analyses the mechanics of such cooperation.
During the last 50 years, there have been several bilateral and multilateral initiatives for promoting City-to-City cooperation with varying objectives. These initiatives aim at bringing two or more cities closer to each other at the level of government, communities, and institutions/organisations with the objective of encouraging human contact and cultural link.
