This paper assesses the scale of the potential co-benefits for residents of developing countries of protecting forest ecosystems in order to mitigate climate change.

Few problems are as pressing and as existential for the world as climate change, and few have proven to be as intractable. Three decades of international negotiations on climate change have yielded little by way of action that would substantially slow, let alone reverse, human-caused climate change. Can things be different?

While national carbon dioxide emissions are regularly published for most countries, data specific to individual sectors, companies, geographic regions, or facilities are more difficult to obtain – if available at all.

According to this database on global carbon emissions prepared by the Centre for Global Development (CGD), NTPC has moved up the list of highest carbon dioxide emitting companies globally from seventh position in 2004 to sixth now.

Adaptation to climate change in developing countries is to a large extent about building resilience, including social and institutional responsiveness to change. In that sense it is about “development.” However, adaptation finance is not development assistance.

This paper computes national carbon mitigation costs using two simple principles: Incremental costs for low-carbon energy investments are calculated using the cost of coal-fired power as the benchmark.  All low-carbon energy sources are counted, because reducing carbon emissions cannot be separated from other concerns: reducing local air pollution from fossil-fuel combustion; diversifying

This paper attempts a comprehensive accounting of climate change vulnerability for 233 states, ranging in size from China to Tokelau. Using the most recent evidence, it develops risk indicators for three critical problems: increasing weather-related disasters, sea-level rise, and loss of agricultural productivity.

Female education and family planning are both critical for sustainable development, and they obviously merit expanded support without any appeal to global climate considerations. However, even relatively optimistic projections suggest that family planning and female education will suffer from financing deficits that will leave
millions of women unserved in the coming decades.

This assessment of India

Without international assistance, developing countries will adapt to climate change as best they can. Part of the cost will be absorbed by households and part by the public sector. Adaptation costs will themselves be affected by socioeconomic development, which will also be affected by climate change.