Food security has become incresingly important globally as well as at domestic front as the global foodgrain production is not keeping pace with increasing population.

Traditional agroforestry systems prevalent in Lahaul area was agri-silvicultural system. Generally five agroforestry systems were identified i.e. agri-horticultural, agri-silvicultural, agri-silvi-pastoral, pastoral-silviculture and pastoral-horticulture. Whereas in District Kinnaur most prevalent agro-forestry system was agri-horticultural. Four agroforestry models were identified i.e.

South Asia, consisting of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Afghanistan, is among the most vulnerable and highly sensitive regions to the impact and consequences of climate change. It is known to be the most disaster prone region in the world supporting a huge population of more than 1.3 billion.

A silent revolution has taken place in productivity and profitability of plantations through clonal Eucalyptus, with productivity more than double compared to seed route plantations. The clonal plantations under rain-fed conditions are safer investment, while the irrigated clonal plantations under agro-forestry models are more profitable as compared to agricultural crops.

India has growing shortages of timber and wood-based products. Agro-forestry plantations promoted by wood-based industries and raised by a large number of small farmers and imports play a major role in bridging the demand supply gap. Private sector companies like Wimco and ITC have played a major role in promoting technology based high yielding clonal plantations under agro-forestry on commercial scale.

The aim of this study was to find out the impact of climate change, if any, on the phenophases of 11 multipurpose tree species, growing as block plantation at one site, during eight years (1999

Exclosure experiments have demonstrated the effects of bird predation on arthropods. In a Mexican coffee plantation, we excluded foliage-gleaning bird and bat predators from coffee plants. Effects of bats and birds were additive. In the dry season, birds reduced arthropods in coffee plants by 30%; birds and bats together reduced arthropods by 46%.