The traditional healers of Pachamalai hills were studied for the use of medicinal plants. We report 12 species of medicinal plants used for common ailments such as asthma, cough, cold, fever, stomach problems, snake bites, skin disease etc.

Mayurbhanj, a hilly district, is rich in ethno medicinal plants. In the present paper 58 plant species belonging to 34 families used in folk medicine have been documented. Due to poor condition of modern healthcare facilities and poverty, indigenous people of the district fully or partially depend on local medicinal plants.

The horticulture sector encompasses a wide range of crops, e.g., fruit crops, vegetable crops, potato and tuber crops, ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic crops, spices and plantation crops. India, with its wide variability of climate and soil, is highly favourably placed for growing a large number of horticultural crops.

In this paper, we look into the relationship that exist between four tribal communities viz. the Kondh, Poraja, Gadaba and Bonda of the Koraput region with their natural resources. Eucalyptus globulus Labill., when introduced into the tribal ecosystem is rejected by the community and so is Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn ex Benth., while another tree Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. when introduced is readily accepted by the community. A new water reservoir makes fish readily available to the community and the community incorporates the new resource into their culture.

The present communication deals with the traditional knowledge of tribals of Toranmal region of Maharashtra regarding the use of plants for treating wounds. The tribals of this region use plants/plant parts or their suitable preparations for treating various ailments.

The socio-religious practices prevalent among Gond, Murias, Halba and Maria tribes of Bastar region of Chhattisgarh state are helpful in conservation of plants. This practice of nature conservation is a very ancient tradition and indigenous culture in Bastar as well as in other parts of the country.

Arunachal Pradesh has been identified as one of the "Biodiversity Hotspot" areas in the world. The tribes inhabiting the state recognize over 500 species of plants as having medicinal properties. The authors have conducted field trips in different areas of Arunachal Pradesh covering six western districts during March 2004 - October 2005.