In a research by paleoceanographer Andre Bornemann of Leipzig University in Germany and his colleagues analyzed apparently unaltered Foraminifera picked from sediment core drilled from Demerara Rise beneath the western equatorial Atlantic. Following a classic technique, the researchers measured oxygen isotopes in the forams' shells. They found a sharp shift toward the heavier oxygen-18 isotope in both surface and bottom dwelling forams from 91.2 million years ago.

In 1971, meteorologists Roland Madden and Paul Julian studied weather data from near equatorial Pacific islands. To their surprise, tropospheric winds, pressure and rainfall oscillated with a period of about 40 to 50 days.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2

Companies and countries are planning a series of controversial experiments to help determine if seeding the ocean with iron can mitigate global warming.

Data from the satellite-based Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) show that the total atmospheric moisture content over oceans has increased by 0.41 kg/m2 per decade since 1988. Results from current climate models indicate that water vapor increases of this magnitude cannot be explained by climate noise alone. In a formal detection and attribution analysis using the pooled results from 22 different climate models, the simulated “fingerprint” pattern of anthropogenically caused changes in water vapor is identifiable with high statistical confidence in the SSM/I data.

Climate models and satellite observations both indicate that the total amount of water in the atmosphere will increase at a rate of 7% per kelvin of surface warming. However, the climate models predict that global precipitation will increase at a much slower rate of 1 to 3% per kelvin. A recent analysis of satellite observations does not support this prediction of a muted response of precipitation to global warming. Rather, the observations suggest that precipitation and total atmospheric water have increased at about the same rate over the past two decades.

The ocean is becoming an increasingly noisy environment. With a rise in commercial shipping, resource extraction activities, and military-related activities, the underwater ocean environment is a virtual cacophony of noise. While some sources of underwater noise such as wind, waves, and the mating and communication calls of marine mammals are natural contributors to underwater noise levels, humans also contribute a significant level of noise to the marine environment.

In the first week of November, New Zealand's air force spotted scores of huge icebergs floating within about 300 km of the country's coastline. By the third week of November "they were drifting