Accurate estimation of the groundwater budget requires good estimate of flux across the boundary of a region. Different methods and techniques are available to estimate recharge to groundwater; however methods for estimation of flux across boundaries are not available. The present article represents a GISbased methodology to estimate the groundwater flow rate and volume of water flux across the boundary. Groundwater level data (pre-monsoon and postmonsoon) are used to derive detailed maps like flow direction, hydraulic gradient and velocity component perpendicular to the boundary.

Fire is a common perturbation in the grassland ecosystems throughout the world. Effect of fire on carbon stock, rate of C-accumulation and soil CO2 flux have been studied in Imperata cylindrica–Sporobolus indicus-dominated grassland community of Manipur, Northeast India.

Original Source

The atmosphere–land–water connectivity of nutrients is not altogether accounted for in the Ganges Basin despite recent studies highlighting its importance. Together with surface inputs, rivers receive N and P through atmospheric deposition (AD), directly on water surfaces, and through lateral transport.

Original Source

In urban street canyons, external noise environment is a critical restriction to the opening of building windows for natural ventilation. The high external noise intensities are often used to substantiate the utilization of air conditioning systems in residential and commercial buildings. Therefore, a systematic method of examining the noise levels in urban street canyons is essential if the potential for natural ventilation is to be estimated.

Original Source

The world-famous Rajaji National Park, Uttarakhand, India has recently been notified as Rajaji Tiger Reserve (RTR). This Protected Area is now the 48th Tiger Reserve in the country and the second in Uttarakhand. Though RNP was established in 1983, final notification for the Park was issued in 2013 because of non-settlement of rights of the local people, which provided a full-fledged legal status to it and strengthened the conservation activities. (Correspondence)

Original Source

We have addressed the question of whether the massive deficit of 42% in rainfall over the Indian region in June 2014 can be attributed primarily to the El Niño. We have shown that the variation of convection over the Northern part of the Tropical West Pacific (NWTP: 120–150E, 20–30N) plays a major role in determining the all-India rainfall in June with deficit (excess) in rainfall associated with enhancement (suppression) of convection over NWTP.

To reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from rice and wheat cultivation several mitigation options have been suggested. However, economic impact of these technologies has been poorly documented. In the present study economic analysis of some emerging GHG mitigation technologies for rice–wheat system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains has been carried out.

Original Source

With the advancements in video image processing system (VIPS), detection mechanism has made a significant improvement over traditional methods for traffic data analysis. Traffic on Delhi–Gurgaon expressway is heterogeneous in nature with non-lane based behaviour. Moreover, automation and instrumentation are also not implemented. In view of this, TRaffic AnalyZer and EnumeratoR (TRAZER), a VIPS was used to process video-captured data on Delhi–Gurgaon expressway to check accuracy based on traffic count, speed and lateral placement.

The Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) took an initiative to check the overall benefits of introducing electric buses as a suitable replacement for the diesel buses to tackle the burgeoning pollution in the city of Bengaluru, India. For a trial run of three months, an electric bus was procured from a Chinese company ‘Build Your Dreams’ (BYD). Data were collected by BMTC on the operation and maintenance of the bus. This new initiative, if rightly guided, could have a direct impact on the lives of those in the city.

Modelling of growth trend and improvement in forecasting techniques for vehicular population has always been and will continue to be of paramount importance for any major infrastructure development initiatives in the transportation engineering sector. Although many traditional as well as some advanced methods are in vogue for this process of estimation, there has been a continuous quest for improving on the accuracy of different methods.