This discussion brief reviews and distils the findings of key global studies that have sought to gauge mitigation finance requirements.

There is an increasing recognition that to avoid dangerous climate change, most fossil fuel reserves will need to be left in the ground. This calls for increased attention for policies focusing on the supply side of fossil fuels.

This paper, a contribution to the New Climate Economy project, examines how cities’ economic development strategies are likely to affect global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. City governments are increasingly taking an active role in economic development, working to attract and retain businesses.

This study fills a gap in the nexus debate by focusing on concrete actors and the nexus challenges they struggle with, instead of on abstract systems and the resource flows between sectors.

India’s energy situation is marked by deficits, coal imports, a national grid that collapsed in 2012, and efforts to develop renewable sources. Acknowledging that 400 million people lack access to electricity, the government is obliged to endeavour to provide electricity to all parts of the country.

The report provides input into the discussions at the 2014 World Water Week in Stockholm, which is held under the theme of Energy and Water. Through six chapters authored by leading thinkers in the field, it presents analysis and diverse perspectives on some of the key opportunities and challenges facing the energy and water communities.

The paper debates that water security can never be fully achieved, because ever-changing physical and economic conditions will require the continuous adaptation of water systems and behaviors in order to meet the growing demands and changing climatological conditions.

The provision of sanitation facilities – a basic necessity for human health, well-being, dignity and development – remains a mammoth challenge for developing countries, in which the vast majority of the 2.5 billion people without improved sanitation facilities reside.

This paper explores the potential role of spatial planning in support of more coherent governance of water resources. Water resources throughout the continuum from land to the coast are being degraded with impacts on life supporting ecosystems, including the high seas.

This technical focus paper is the second in a series of papers that provide a critical review of progress made in planning and putting integrated water resource management (IWRM) into practice. The papers synthesise the challenges, the successes, the setbacks, and the direction for further integration.

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