In the competitive environment of the Southasian pharmaceutical industry, the consumer is today left with neither a guide nor a map.

Hydrochemistry in parts of the Lower Tista Floodplain in northwest Bangladesh is dominated by alkalies and weakly acid, having highest concentration of sodium cations and bicarbonate anions respectively. Groundwater is characterized by sodium-calcium and sodium-potassium cation and bicarbonate-chloride-sulphate anion facies, and genetically ‘normal chloride’, ‘normal sulphate’, and ‘normal carbonated’ type, and soft to saline.

Atmospheric aerosols (a mixture of solid or liquid particles suspended in the air medium) are short-lived, with a residence time of about a week in the lower troposphere. Unlike the principal greenhouse gases, aerosols are more concentrated in the source regions and exhibit strong spatial and temporal variations.