This paper focusses on one central aspect of urban development: transport and urban form and how the two shape the provision of access to people, goods and services, and information in cities. The more efficient this access, the greater the economic benefits through economies of scale, agglomeration effects and networking advantages.

The document reviews approaches for Urban Mobility Plans (UMP) from various countries and showcases a growing number of examples calling for a shift away from the traditional, infrastructure-oriented approach towards sustainable and people-oriented planning.

In most Indian cities, parked vehicles dominate the public realm by consuming more and more of our cherished parks, plazas, streets and common spaces. Each parking space consumes from 15m2 to 30m2 , and the average motorist uses two to five different parking spaces every day.

The toolkit has been prepared jointly by the Institute of Urban Transport (IUT) India, a team of researchers and consultants from premier institutions in India, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and UNEP DTU Partnership.The revision of the toolkit has been carried out under the advice of MoUD.

The transport sector is a major consumer of energy and with 59 Mt CO2, or 17% of total greenhouse gases, the 2nd largest emitter in Thailand. This translates into 0.88 tonnes per capita. Freight and passenger transport are almost equal in their contribution to energy use and GHG emissions.