Diesel, natural gas, and electric heavy-duty vehicles can be designed and manufactured with the capability of complying with the ultra-low NOx limits envisioned in the next set of California and federal HDV regulations. But that is not to say that the outcomes for each are equivalent.

In this paper, zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles refers to vehicles with maximum weight ratings greater than 3.5 tonnes (t) that are equipped with powertrain technologies that produce no tailpipe emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. ZE-HDVs are battery-electric and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles.

This briefing paper provides an overview of CO2 emission levels of new passenger cars in the European Union in 2020 based on a preliminary dataset recently released by the European Environment Agency.

A zero-emission zone (ZEZ) is an area where only zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), pedestrians, and cyclists are granted unrestricted access. Other vehicles are either prohibited from entering or permitted to enter upon payment of a fee.

Long-haul trucks are responsible for the bulk of road freight CO2 emissions in Europe. However, at the time the heavy-duty vehicle CO2 standards were finalized in the European Union in 2019, there was little information available on zero-emission technologies.

This briefing paper explains how policymakers can account for well-to-wake (WTW) carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions in strategies that aim to monitor or regulate climate-warming pollutants from ships. Well-to-wake emissions, or life-cycle emissions, are the sum of upstream (well-to-tank) and downstream (tank-to-wake) emissions.

Using electric vehicles for carsharing can enhance the environmental benefits of such programs. This briefing details electric carsharing in Europe and North America and provides insights into charging infrastructure and best practices gleaned from successful carsharing programs.

The shift to fuel injection in two-wheelers that has come with India’s implementation of Bharat Stage VI emission standards brings with it the opportunity to adopt several modern internal combustion engine (ICE) technologies from the passenger car, limited only by cost-bracket considerations and vehicle size.

In the past decade, China has rapidly become the world’s largest electric vehicle market, accounting for half of the world’s electric vehicle sales and more than 90% of the stock of electric buses and trucks combined.

This paper assesses growing home, workplace, and public charging needs in the United States through 2030, incorporating local market trends, evolving charging technology and behavior, household characteristics, and home charging availability.