Brazil’s new PROCONVE P-8 standards will apply to all new on-road passenger and freight vehicles equipped with compression-ignition or spark-ignition engines and weighing at least 3,856 kg. These vehicle categories currently account for an outsized contribution to on-road vehicle emissions in Brazil.

In January 2018, the city of São Paulo, Brazil, adopted Law 16.802, an amendment to its Climate Change Law that sets 10-year and 20-year targets for fleetwide reductions in tailpipe emissions of fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) and the air pollutants particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

In a collaboration between Deutsche Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), this study reviews international experiences in public policies for electromobility in urban fleets and explores how they could be implemented in Brazil.

Although promoting large-scale reforestation is no easy task, Brazil is uniquely positioned to reap substantial gains from undertaking this endeavor. Internally, it stands to benefit from addressing a key source of inefficiency in Brazilian land use: vast amounts of degraded and deforested lands currently serving no productive purpose.

Climate change affects poor and marginalized communities first and hardest. Particularly in cities, a lack of access to basic services, a long history of unsustainable urban development, and political exclusion render the urban poor one of the most vulnerable groups to climate induced natural hazards and disasters.

Climate change is a global phenomenon, but the impacts are distributed locally and unevenly in cities. The urban poor are the most affected by climate change and are more likely to live in areas that lack sufficient infrastructure to respond to climate risks.