Out-of-pocket payments for health can create a financial barrier to access, resulting in unmet need, or lead to financial hardship for people using health services. This report brings together for the first time data on unmet need and financial hardship to assess whether people living in Europe can afford to pay for health care.

This report sets out recommendations on how the main sustainable finance initiatives underway can support a major reduction in disaster risk. The scale of financial flows and investments is massive. In Europe assets under management reached €25.2 trillion in 2017, 147% of GDP .

2018 was one of the three warmest years on record for Europe. It began with a relatively cold period across most of the region.

The Urban Transitions Alliance was built on the premise that by connecting industrial legacy cities from the US, Europe and China through their transition stories and visions of sustainable urban development, common challenges and transition pathways would emerge.