Environmental degradation is costing Pakistan about Rs 365 billion annually, and collective efforts are needed for conservation of the ecosystem. Dr Hammad Uwais Agha, the NWFP Secretary Environment, said this while speaking at a seminar organised by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in connection with the World Environment Day here on Friday.

Boosting investments in the conservation, rehabilitation and management of the earth's forests, peat lands, soils and other key ecosystems could deliver significant cuts in greenhouse gas emissions and avoid even more being released to the atmosphere, said a new report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

A study on the biodiversity and relative abundance of spiders associated with the horticultural ecosystem including fruit and vegetable crops in Kashmir, were conducted during 2005-2007. A total of 5774 individuals belonging to 40 species, 23 genera under 11 families were recorded first-time from Kashmir.

The present study consist the absorption, accumulation and partitioning of eight metals in order to find out the phytoremediation potential of the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata (Lam.) in Alibag, Maharashtra, India.

Chilika lagoon, along the east coast of India, is the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia. Hydrodynamics of an aquatic system like Chilika is extremely important. It has significant impact on sediment and pollutant transport, distribution of nutrients in water and sediments, and the productivity of the system.

Large cuts in emissions of greenhouse gases are needed if we are to avoid the worst effects of global climate change. This rapid assessment report describes the vital contributions which ecosystems can and must make to improve these efforts.

In late 2008, IUCN

This latest World Bank document stresses on the inclusion of ecosystem-based approaches to national and regional adaptation strategies. It points out that access to funds will help communities to address climate change at all levels.

Participatory rural appraisal techniques and a survey of 100 households were used to evaluate livestock production, and pastoral development of the Maasai in Mara. It was observed that patterns of land-use have principally changed from nomadic pastoralism to sedentary pastoralism, agropastoralism, and, in some cases, pure cultivation.

The purpose of this Guide and resource kit is to assist sustainability officers and business procurement managers, especially major purchasers of wood and paper-based products1 that do not have

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